一、命题分析
在高考中完形填空一直都是困扰考生的一大难题，这类题型主要是考查学生的词汇、固定搭配、语法等语言知识的综合能力，它既反映出学生阅读理解能力，又体现了学生在语境中的逻辑判断能力。
2016-2021年新课标卷高考英语完形填空试题分析：
年份
试卷类型
体裁
词数
话题
考点分布
2021年
全国甲卷
记叙文
260
Burchill住酒店因海鸥导致进入酒店黑名单的故事
动词9
动词短语1
名词4
形容词4
副词1
介词短语1
全国乙卷
记叙文
245
作者做护士期间做了自己分内的事
动词11
动词短语1
名词4
形容词2
副词2
新高考全国I卷
记叙文
206
春假打工挣钱的经历
动词8
动词短语1
名词4
形容词3
浙江卷6月
记叙文
283
作者年迈的母亲在超市购物时，得到陌生人帮助的故事
动词5
动词短语3
名词9
形容词2
介词短语1
浙江卷1月
记叙文
278
作者做志愿者的一次经历
动词9
名词3
形容词7
介词短语1
2020年
新课标卷I
夹叙夹议文
260
作者以现实中的门，引申出生活中的“门”，从而探讨了一种教育理念。作者认为家长们不要害怕告诉孩子们真相，这样，孩子们才可以在生活的道路上，不再被各种“进退两难”所困扰，从而抓住机遇，勇往直前。
动词4
动词短语2
名词7
形容词3
副词2
介词短语1
新课标卷II
记叙文
281
文章主要讲述了一个名叫Nicolo的人在拍卖会上以低价购得两幅画。
动词11名词4
形容词3 副词2
新课标卷III
记叙文
270
作者学到了宝贵的一课，那就是要学会淡化和难缠顾客之间的矛盾，不然当事情发展成不愉快的场面时，结果只会毁了每个人的一天。
动词8动词短语1
名词4形容词3
副词2 介词短语2
2019年
新课标卷I
夹叙夹议文
258
乞力马扎罗山因登山者活动而造成的环境污染及努力治理之后环境的改观。
动词6 动词短语2
名词7形容词4
副词1
新课标卷II
记叙文
271
Ehlers和他的朋友救助了一只丢失的小狗，最终帮它找到了主人
动词9 动词短语1
名词5
形容词3 副词2
新课标卷III
记叙文
247
北欧一个小镇长达半年没有阳光照射，为此在附近的山顶安装了一套镜子设备把阳光反射到小镇的广场。
动词8 名词5
形容词5 副词2
2018年
新课标卷I
夹叙夹议文
271
讲述了我在大二学的免费课程下棋及对我生活的指导意义
动词9 名词7
形容词3 副词1
新课标卷II
记叙文
277
讲述了作者13年后和儿子见面的情景
动词9 名词3
形容词5 副词2
介词1
新课标卷III
记叙文
271
Dennis Williams认真对待陌生人的信息，使陌生人倍受感动的故事
动词10 名词6
形容词4
2017年
新课标卷I
记叙文
251
学习美式手语的经历和感受
名词5 动词10
形容词4副词1
新课标卷II
记叙文
266
作者自己的学生Feddy的性格特征及多年后的生活、工作状况
名词8 动词9
形容词3
新课标卷III
记叙文
271
一个加拿大青年在和女朋友分手后，希望免费赠送自己为女朋友购买的环球航空旅行机票的故事，体现了年轻人无私的精神
名词：7个
动词：9个
形容词：4个
2016年
新课标卷I
记叙文
253
讲述了司机Larry在路上遇到着火的汽车，积极救人的故事。
动词7 名词 4
形容词3 副词1
连词2 介词短语2
代词1
新课标卷II
夹叙夹议文
262
作者通过自身的经历总结出，电话中的感受有时与现实生活中的感受不一致，因为像微笑这样无声的信号无法通过电话传播。
动词6 名词 4
形容词5 副词3
介词短语2
新课标卷III
记叙文
276
作者通过刻苦训练，最终实现了成为足球队明星球员的目标。
动词8 名词4
形容词5 副词 1
连词1 代词1
二、解题技巧
01
通过主旨大意解题
在完形填空题中，理解主旨大意十分重要，正确把握主旨大意有助于考生对文章细节的正确理解，特别是长难句的分析和突破可以帮助考生提高解题的正确率。完形填空题的第一句往往不设空，这句话一般是文章的主题句，考生在解题时一定不要忽略首句的内容。
【典例】As a general rule, all forms of activity lead to boredom when they are performed on a routine(常规) basis. As a matter of fact, we can see this __41__ at work in people of all 42(ages)．
41．A. principle B. Habit C. way D. power
【分析】A根据首句信息可知，这里是指”当各种活动变成常规的时候都会让人厌倦”这个准则。principle”原则，准则”；habit”习惯”；way”方式”；power”权力”。由首句的信息再结合选项可知，A选项正确。
02
通过文化背景解题
完形填空的语篇信息常渗透着各类相关的文化背景知识。有些选项的设置与文化背景相关，这就要求考生有较宽的知识面，同时要具备一定的文化意识，特别是要有对英语国家文化的敏感性和鉴别力，只有这样才能既快速又准确地解题。
03
通过复现词解题
这类题多为同义词、近义词和反义词的复现或同义词、近义词和反义词的异形的复现。这类试题主要是考查考生的整体篇章意识和对上下文的推断能力。
【典例】In particular, there was (and perhaps still is) a belief in fairies. Not all of these __1__ are the friendly, people－loving characters that appear in Disney films, and in some folk tales they are __2__ and cause much human suffering.
1．A. babies B. Beliefs C. fairies D. supermen
2．A. powerful B. Cruel C. frightened D. extraordinary
【分析】1.C根据空前的”a belief in fairies”可知，此处选C。属于原词的复现。
2．B根据空格后的”suffering”可知，此处选B。属于异形近义词的复现。
04
通过瞻前信息解题
该解法要求重点联系空前的信息。这种情况多出现在文章展开之后，这时前文已经含有丰富的语境信息，它们可能和后面的设空处有逻辑的或语境的联系，这样空前的信息就成为解题的根据。解题时一定要善于捕捉这些重要的信息。
【典例】That's especially impressive, ____1(since) she is legally blind, born with a rare condition that causes her eyes to shift constantly. She often sees double and can't __2(tell) how far away things are.
When she was little, her mom__3(noticed) that even though she couldn't see __4__， she was fearless.
4．A. deeply B. Well C. ahead D. closely
【分析】B根据上文中的”she is legally blind”和”She often sees double and can't __2(tell) how far away things are”可知，她的视力不好。
05
通过顾后信息解题
完形填空在命题的过程中，上下文情节的发展都会有这样或那样的关系，这些关系是选择正确选项的重要根据，考生需要依据空格后的相关信息，做出正确的选择。
【典例】For example, on Christmas morning, children are excited about __43(playing) with their new toys. But their __44__ soon wears off and by January those __45(same) toys can be found put away in the basement.
44．A. confidence B. interest C. anxiety D. sorrow
【分析】Bconfidence”信心”；interest”兴趣”；anxiety”焦虑”；sorrow”悲伤”。根据空格后的”those __45(same)__ toys...in the basement”可知，那些他们曾经很喜欢的玩具都被放在地下室里了。故此处表示他们对新玩具的兴趣逐渐消失了。
06
通过逻辑关系解题
逻辑连接词在文中起着衔接与连贯的重要作用，可以表达文中的因果、转折等逻辑关系。这种题型是高考中的难点，因为它需要考生有较强的逻辑判断能力以及对文章的整体把握能力。
【典例】All went well that first week. When Saturday night came, I was luckily given the tables not far from the kitchen. __1__， I still felt it a little hard to carry the heavy trays.
1．A. Therefore B. However C. Otherwise D. Finally
【分析】B根据空格前的”luckily”和空格后的”I still felt it a little hard”可知，前后为转折关系。therefore”因此”；however”然而”；otherwise”否则”；finally”最后”。根据语境可知选B项。
07
通过固定搭配解题
在英语学习中，掌握词组和短语的用法十分重要。高考完形填空的命题中，通常会涉及固定短语的搭配，如动词短语、介词短语等，考生需要运用所学词汇知识，结合综合语用能力对相关试题进行突破。
【典例】But Charlotte had been practising without a licence. She had __34__ a doctor's licence in both Montreal and Winnipeg...
34．A. put away B. taken over
C. turned in D. applied for
【分析】D根据第一句Charlotte的诊所一直是无证营业可知，此处表示她一直在申请(applied for)行医执照。put away”将……收起，把……放回原处”，take over”接管”，turn in”上交”，均不符合语境。
08
通过生活常识解题
完形填空题所选的文章多是具有一定故事情节和教育意义的记叙文，这些文章都贴近考生的生活，这样就会涉及对生活常识的考查，所以在解题时，考生需要根据生活常识选出答案。
【典例】They were strong and cold, rocking our little camping truck violently, and we lay__43__ in the dark until the winds died away.
43．A. shaking B. Quarrelling C. mourning D. aching
【分析】A根据语境可知，此处表示作者一家人在车上躺着，人随着卡车在晃动，因此选A表示”摇动，(使)颤动”。
09
通过语法分析解题
对语法基础知识的考查也是完形填空题的重要命题角度。对于这种题，要有针对性地对语法结构、句式特点、句子成分等进行分析，从而迅速解决问题。
【典例】__1__ do you suppose he asked for them?
1．A. What B. How C. Who D. Which
【分析】B本题中，do you suppose为插入成分。he asked for them是一个相对独立和完整的句子，因此空格处应该用副词How来修饰谓语动词asked，而不能用代词What, Who或Which。
总之，通过对以上各种解题技巧的解读，我们可以发现，完形填空的解题是有规律可循的。总的来看，这些规律可概括为：上下求索找信息、深思熟虑辨逻辑、左顾右盼选搭配、前思后想靠常识。
四、真题回顾
典例一(2021•全国甲卷)
It's the seaside birds that deserve at least part of the blame for getting Nick Burchill blacklisted at the Fairmont Empress Hotel in Victoria, Canada.
Burchill was ___21___ at the hotel on business and planning to ___22___ some friends in the area. They had asked him to ___23___ some pepperoni (辣香肠) from back east. So he ___24___ a suitcase full of pepperoni. As he was ___25___ that it would be too warm, he ___26___ it out on the table near an open window. He thought his pepperoni was ___27___ and well chilled (冷却) and he___28___ .
That's when things went ____29____ “I remember walking down the long _____30_____ and opening the door to my room to find an entire flock of seagulls,” Burchill said in a recent letter of_____31_____ to the 4-star hotel. "The seagulls immediately went _____32_____ . They rushed to the window, 30 or 40 birds all trying to _____33_____ at the same time, and pepperoni—everywhere. The curtains were falling down, the lamps were falling down, It was a real _____34_____ .
Older and wiser now, Burchill chalked up the incident to youthful indiscretion (莽撞).
“I have _____35_____ and I admit responsibility of my _____36_____,” he said in the letter. “I come to you, _____37_____ , to apologize for the-damage I had _____38_____ caused and to ask you to _____39_____ my lifetime ban from the hotel.”
His letter _____40_____ . Banned from the hotel since 2001.Burchill is now welcome to come back, the Fairmont said.
21 A. studying B. staying C. looking D. packing
22. A. visitB. help C. follow D. make
23. A. sellB. haveC. bring D. taste
24. A. filledB. locked C. abandoned D. lost
25. A. surprised B. pleased C. excited D. worried
26. A. dug B. cleared C. cut D. laid
27. A. delicious B. safe C. soft D. ready
28. A. leftB. noddedC. waited D. regretted
29. A. farB. funnyC. wrong D. blind
30. A. beachB. drivewayC. hallD. table
31. A. applicationB. apologyC. request D. invitation
32. A. hungryB. deadC. missing D. wild
33. A. wake upB. get outC. take offD. break in
34. A. messB. puzzle C. fight D. challenge
35. A. recoveredB. retired C. escaped D. matured
36. A. suffering B. plans C. madness D. actions
37. A. hands in pocket B. nose in the air C. hat in handD. feet on the ground
38. A. indirectly B. deliberately C. cautiously D. secretly
39. A. replace B. remember C. reconsider D. renew
40. A. arrived B. worked C. ended D. disappeared
【答案】21. B 22. A 23. C 24. A 25. D 26. D 27. B 28. A 29. C 30. C 31. B 32. D 33. B 34. A 35. D 36. D 37. C 38. A 39. C 40. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲了Burchill住酒店时，给朋友携带的意大利香肠招来了海鸥，海鸥在逃跑的过程中，造成了一些东西的损坏，Burchill间接给酒店造成了损失。酒店把Burchill列入了黑名单，Burchill被终身禁止入住该酒店。Burchill诚恳地写了道歉信，请求酒店重新考虑自己被终身禁止入住酒店的决定。最终，他的信起作用了。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Burchill出差，当时正在酒店收拾行李，准备去拜访当地的一些朋友。A. studying研究；B. staying停留；C. looking看；D. packing to put things into cases, bags etc ready for a trip somewhere。根据“Burchill was 21 at the hotel on business and planning to 22 some friends in the area.”Burchill因公待在酒店里，不能说成因公在酒店里打包，显然打包不是“因公”的结果，再说他是把香肠拿出来，而不是pack。。故选B。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Burchill出差，当时正在酒店收拾行李，准备去拜访当地的一些朋友。A. visit拜访；B. help帮助；C. follow跟随；D. make制作。根据“They had asked him to 23 some pepperoni (辣香肠) from back east. So he 24 a suitcase full of pepperoni.”可知，朋友让他带一些东西，由此推知Burchill准备去拜访当地的一些朋友。故选A。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们让他从美国东部带些意大利香肠过来。A. sell卖；B. have有；C. bring带来； D. taste品尝。根据“So he 24 a suitcase full of pepperoni.”可知，Burchill的朋友让他从美国东部带些意大利香肠过来。故选C。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以他装了满满一箱子意大利香肠。A. filled装满；B. locked锁上；C. abandoned抛弃；D. lost丢失。根据“a suitcase full of pepperoni”和“They rushed to the window, 30 or 40 birds all trying to 33 at the same time, and pepperoni — everywhere.”可知，他装了满满一箱子意大利香肠。故选A。
【25题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因为担心会太热，他把它放在桌子上，靠近一扇开着的窗户。A. surprised感到惊讶的；B. pleased高兴的；C. excited兴奋的；D. worried担心的。根据“he 26 it out on the table near an open window.”可知，他担心意大利香肠会太热，所以把它放在桌子上，靠近一扇开着的窗户。故选D。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：因为担心会太热，他把它放在桌子上，靠近一扇开着的窗户。A. dug挖； B. cleared清除；C. cut切下；D. laid放。根据“it out on the table near an open window”可知，他把它放在桌子上。故选D。
【27题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他以为他的意大利香肠是安全的，冷却得很好，就走了。A. delicious美味的； B. safe安全的；C. soft柔软的；D. ready准备好。根据““I remember walking down the long 30 and opening the door to my room to find an entire flock of seagulls,” Burchill said in a recent letter of 31 to the 4-star hotel.”可知，Burchill离开了，由此推知，他以为他的意大利香肠是安全的，冷却得很好。故选B。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他以为他的意大利香肠是安全的，冷却得很好，就走了。A. left离开；B. nodded点头；C. waited等待；D. regretted后悔。根据““I remember walking down the long 30 and opening the door to my room to find an entire flock of seagulls,” Burchill said in a recent letter of 31 to the 4-star hotel.”可知，Burchill离开了。故选A。
【29题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：事情就在这时出了问题。A. far远的；B. funny有趣的；C. wrong失常的；D. blind盲目的。根据“The seagulls immediately went 32 . They rushed to the window, 30 or 40 birds all trying to 33 at the same time, and pepperoni — everywhere. The curtains were falling down, the lamps were falling down, It was a real 34 .”可知，事情就在这时出了问题。故选C。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Burchill在最近给这家四星级酒店的一封道歉信中说：“我记得我走过长长的大厅，打开房门，发现满满一群海鸥。”A. beach海滩；B. driveway私人车道；C. hall大厅；D. table桌子。根据“and opening the door to my room to find an entire flock of seagulls”可知，Burchill走过长长的大厅。故选C。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Burchill在最近给这家四星级酒店的一封道歉信中说：“我记得我走过长长的大厅，打开房门，发现满满一群海鸥。”A. application申请；B. apology道歉；C. request要求；D. invitation邀请。根据““I have 35 and I admit responsibility of my 36 ,” he said in the letter. “I come to you, 37 , to apologize for the-damage I had 38 caused and to ask you to 39 my lifetime ban from the hotel.”
”可知，Burchill给酒店写了一封道歉信。故选B。
【32题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：海鸥立刻变得疯狂起来。A. hungry饥饿的；B. dead死亡的；C. missing失踪的； D. wild疯狂的。根据“They rushed to the window, 30 or 40 birds all trying to 33 at the same time, and pepperoni — everywhere.”可知，海鸥被突然回到房间的Burchill吓到了，变得疯狂起来。故选D。
【33题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：它们冲到窗口，30或40只鸟都想同时出去，到处都是意大利香肠。A. wake up醒来；B. get out出去；C. take off起飞；D. break in闯入。根据“They rushed to the window”及生活常识可知，鸟看到人类很害怕，想同时从窗户逃出去。故选B。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：窗帘在落下，灯也在落下，真是一团糟。A. mess混乱； B. puzzle不解之谜；C. fight打架；D. challenge挑战。根据“The curtains were falling down, the lamps were falling down”可知，现场一片混乱。故选A。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我成熟了，我承认对自己的行为负责，”他在信中说。A. recovered恢复；B. retired退休；C. escaped逃跑；D. matured成熟。根据“and I admit responsibility of my 36 ,”可知，这里意思是Burchill认为自己成熟了。故选D。
36题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：“我成熟了，我承认对自己的行为负责，”他在信中说。A. suffering苦难；B. plans计划；C. madness疯狂；D. actions行为。根据“I come to you, 37 , to apologize for the-damage I had 38 caused and to ask you to 39 my lifetime ban from the hotel.”可知，Burchill承认对自己的行为负责。故选D。
【37题详解】
考查固定短语辨析。句意：我来找你，恭恭敬敬地，为我间接造成的伤害道歉并请求您重新考虑我被终身禁止入住酒店的决定。A. hands in pocket手放在口袋里； B. nose in the air目中无人；C. hat in hand毕恭毕敬地；D. feet on the ground脚踏实地。根据“to apologize for the-damage I had 38 caused and to ask you to 39 my lifetime ban from the hotel.”及生活常识可知，向别人道歉，应该表明自己是毕恭毕敬地。故选C。
【38题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我来找你，恭恭敬敬地，为我间接造成的伤害道歉并请求您重新考虑我被终身禁止入住酒店的决定。A. indirectly间接；B. deliberately故意地；C. cautiously谨慎地；D. secretly秘密地。根据“The curtains were falling down, the lamps were falling down”可知，作者携带的意大利香肠招来了海鸥，海鸥在逃跑的过程中，造成了一些东西的损坏，Burchill间接给酒店造成了损失。故选A。
【39题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我来找你，恭恭敬敬地，为我间接造成的伤害道歉并请求您重新考虑我被终身禁止入住酒店的决定。A. replace取代；B. remember记得；C. reconsider重新考虑；D. renew更新。根据“my lifetime ban from the hotel.”和“Banned from the hotel since 2001. Burchill is now welcome to come back, the Fairmont said.”可知，Burchill请求酒店重新考虑自己被终身禁止入住酒店的决定。故选C。
【40题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他的信起作用了。A. arrived到达；B. worked起作用；C. ended结束；D. disappeared消失。根据“Banned from the hotel since 2001. Burchill is now welcome to come back, the Fairmont said.”可知，他的信起作用了。故选B。
典例二(2020•浙江卷7月)
I’ve been farming sheep on a hillside for 54 years. I use a small tractor to get about. My dog Don always sits beside me in the passenger scat.
One morning I 36 a lost lamb when I was in the top field, near where a motorway cuts through my land. The lamb had become separated from its 37 , so I jumped out of the tractor to 38 it while Don stayed in his scat.
Lamb and mother 39 , I turned back to the tractor only to see it move suddenly away from me. This was so 40 because I had put the handbrake on when I jumped out. 41 Don had somehow made the 42 move.
My heart froze in my chest as I 43 the tractor heading towards the 44 . I ran desperately but failed to 45 . It crashed through a wooden fence and disappeared. The 46 thing I saw was Don’ s face, looking calmly back at me.
Heart in mouth, I 47 the fence and looked over. The tractor was 48 against the crash barrier in the central reservation, having miraculously（奇迹般地）crossed the 49 road with fast-flowing traffic. I couldn’t see Don, but as I 50 the tractor he jumped out onto the road, apparently 51 , and dashed back to me.
The police 52 and the motorway ran normally again. I couldn’t quite believe my 53 it turned out no one got badly hurt, but the outcome could have been 54 . Don was given a special 55 that night — I didn’t want him thinking I was angry with him.
36. A. dropped B. spotted C. carried D. returned
37. A. kids . friends C. owner D. mother
38. A. ask about B. play with C. tend to D. run into
39. A. freed B. switched C. reunited D. examined
40. A. unexpected B. dangerous C. embarrassing D. difficult
41. A. Fortunately B. Generally C. Immediately D. Obviously
42. A. lamb B. vehicl eC. seat D. fence
43. A. saw B. stopped C. remembered D. drove
44. A. crowd B. motorway C. field D. hill
45. A. take offB. catch upC. hold backD. get out
46. A. realB. bestC. basicD. last
47. A. fixedB. noticedC. reachedD. closed
48. A. restingB. runningC. parkingD. turning
49. A. steepB. longC. roughD. busy
50. A. abandonedB. approachedC. recognizedD. repaired
51. A. uncleanB. uncertainC. unhurtD. unhappy
52. A. arrivedB. repliedC. survivedD. waited
53. A. abilityB. dreamC. luckD. idea
54. A. commonB. confusingC. desirableD. awful
55. A. mealB. testC. jobD. lesson
36. B考查动词辨析
【解题思路】根据语境作者在牧羊，再根据下文小羊和它的母亲分开了，可知作者“发现”了一只小羊。故选B。
37. D 考查名词辨析
【解题思路】根据下文“Lamb and mother”可知，小羊是和它的“母亲”分开了。故选D。
38. C 考查动词短语辨析
【解题思路】根据前文，小羊和母亲分开了，因此作者需要“照料”它。ask about意为“询问”；play with意为“玩弄”；tend to 意为“照料”；run into意为“撞上，遇见”。故选C。
39. C 考查动词辨析
【解题思路】根据前文，小羊和母亲分开了，此处应该是小羊和母亲“团聚”了，作者就回到他的拖拉机跟前。故选C。
40. A 考查形容词辨析
【解题思路】根据句中的“because I ...”，作者跳出拖拉机的时候已经拉好手刹，所以当作者看到拖拉机溜坡的时候，感到“出乎意料”。故选A。
41. D 考查副词辨析
【解题思路】根据上文“Don stayed in his scat”，拖拉机上只有牧羊犬在，根据句意：“明显地”，是Don使得拖拉机溜坡。故选D。
42. B 考查名词辨析
【解题思路】根据上文，作者看到拖拉机突然溜坡，此处是指牧羊犬使得vehicle“车辆”移动。故选B。
43. A 考查动词辨析
【解题思路】根据下文，拖拉机撞破木栅栏，可知此处作者没有“停止”（stop）拖拉机溜坡；再根据语境，作者“看见”拖拉机前往高速公路。故选A。
44. B 考查名词辨析
【解题思路】根据最后一段第一句话，“警察到来，高速公路又恢复正常”，可知，拖拉机前往“高速公路”。故选B。
45. B 考查动词短语辨析
【解题思路】根据语境，作者拼命地跑，却不能“赶上”。take off意为“起飞，脱下”；catch up意为“赶上”；hold back意为“隐瞒，阻止”；get out意为“离开，泄露”。故选B。
46. D 考查形容词辨析
【解题思路】根据前文，拖拉机消失在作者的视线，作者“最后”看到的是牧羊犬的脸。故选D。
47. C 考查动词辨析
【解题思路】根据句意：心提到了嗓子眼，我“来到”栅栏边，看了看。故选C。
48. A 考查动词辨析
【解题思路】根据“against the crash barrier”，可知拖拉机“倚”在栅栏上。故选A。
49. D 考查形容词辨析
【解题思路】根据“fast-flowing traffic”可知此处指“繁忙的”车道。故选D。
50. B 考查动词辨析
【解题思路】根据语境，作者来到拖拉机旁边。故选B。
51. C 考查形容词辨析
【解题思路】根据牧羊犬“jumped out”和“dashed back”的动作，可知牧羊犬明显“没有受伤”。故选C。
52. A 考查动词辨析
【解题思路】根据语境可知，警察“来了”。故选A。
53. C 考查名词辨析
【解题思路】根据“it turned out no one got badly hurt”可知“没有人严重受伤”，我很不能相信我的“运气”。故选C。
54. D 考查形容词辨析
【解题思路】此句是虚拟语气的用法，句意：没有人严重受伤，但结果原本可能是“极坏的”。故选D。
55. A 考查名词辨析
【解题思路】根据后文句意“我不想让牧羊犬认为我生他的气”，作者应该是给了牧羊犬丰盛的“一顿饭”。故选A。
典例三(2019•新课标全国卷II)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
It’s about 250 miles from the hills of west-central lowa to Ehlers’ home in Minnesota. During the long trip home, following a weekend of hunting. Ehlers ___41___about the small dog he had seen___42___ alongside the road. He had ___43___ to coax(哄)the dog to him but, frightened, it had___44___.
Back home, Ehlers was troubled by that ___45___ dog. So, four days later, he called his friend Greg, and the two drove ___46___. After a long and careful ___47___. Greg saw, across a field, the dog moving ___48___ away. Ehlers eventually succeeded in coaxing the animal to him. Nervousness and fear were replaced with ___49___. It just started licking(舔)Ehlers’ face.
A local farmer told them the dog sounded like one ___50___ as lost in the local paper. The ad had a ___51___ number for a town in southern Michigan. Ehlers ___52___ the number of Jeff and Lisa to tell them he had ___53___ their dog.
Jeff had ___54___ in lowa before Thanksgiving with his dog, Rosie, but the gun shots had scared the dog off. Jeff searched ___55___ for Rosie in the next four days.
Ehlers returned to Minnesotan, and then drove 100 miles to Minneapolis to put Rosie on a flight to Michigan. “It’s good to know there’s still someone out there who ___56___ enough to go to that kind of ___57___,”says Lisa of Ehlers’ rescue ___58___.
I figured whoever lost the dog was probably just as ___59___ to it as I am to my dogs,” says Ehlers. “If it had been my dog, I’d hope that somebody would be ___60___ to go that extra mile.”
41. A. readB. forgotC. thoughtD. heard
42. A. readB. tremblingC. eatingD. sleeping
43. A. triedB. agreedC. promisedD. regretted
44. A. calmed downB. stood upC. rolled overD. run off
45. A. injuredB. stolenC. lostD. rescued
46. A. homeB. pastC. backD. on
47. A. preparationB. explanationC. testD. search
48. A. cautiouslyB. casuallyC. skillfullyD. angrily
49. A. surpriseB. joyC. hesitationD. anxiety
50. A. predictedB. advertisedC. believedD. recorded
51. A. houseB. phoneC. streetD. car
52. A. calledB. copiedC. countedD. remembered
53. A. fedB. adoptedC. foundD. cured
54. A. huntedB. skiedC. livedD. worked
55. A. on purposeB. on timeC. in turnD. in vain
56. A. caresB. seesC. suffersD. learns
57. A. placeB. troubleC. wasteD. extreme
58. A. serviceB. planC. effortD. team
59. A. equalB. allergicC. gratefulD. close
60. A. suitableB. proudC. wiseD. wiling
【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Ehlers和他的朋友救助了一只丢失的小狗，最终帮它找到了主人。
41.C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。根据下文Ehlers和朋友一起去找那只狗可知，此处是指Ehlers一直在想关于那只狗的事，think about考虑。故选C。
42.B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。根据下文作者去哄小狗可知，这只狗是在路边发抖，trembling发抖。故选B。
43.A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。根据下文可知，他在尽力的哄那只狗，try to do sth尽力做某事。故选A。
44.D【解析】考查动词短语辨析。他在尽力的哄那只狗，可是它很害怕，所以此处是指那只狗被吓跑了，run off“跑开”的意思。故选D。
45.C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。根据下文可知，这只狗是别人丢失的，因此此处用lost“丢失”。故选C。
46.C【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此，四天后，Ehlers给他的朋友Greg打电话，他们俩又驱车返回。 根据上文可知，此处是指他们又返回到之前见到那只走失的狗的地方，back向后，回原处。故选C。
47.D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。根据下文Greg在越过田野的地方看到了那只小狗可知，此处是指他们在仔细寻找小狗，search寻找。故选D。
48.A【解析】考查副词词义辨析。根据文中提到的frightened, nervousness, fear等词并结合上文并根据下文Ehlers最终成功的安抚了它可知，小狗非常的谨慎小心，cautiously谨慎地，小心地。故选A。
49.B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。根据下文小狗开始舔Ehlers的脸可知，它不再害怕，而是很开心，joy开心。故选B。
50.B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当地的一个农民告诉他们，这听起来像是当地报纸上刊登的那只丢失的狗。根据本句的in the local paper及语境可知，此处是指在报纸上刊登的，advertise登广告。故选B。
51.B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。根据下文Ehlers给狗的主人打电话可知，此处是指广告上有电话号码，phone number电话号码。故选B。
52.A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。根据上下文语境可知，此处是指Ehlers给Jeff和Lisa（狗的主人）打了电话，call打电话。故选A。
53.C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。根据上下文语境可知，Ehlers给他们打电话是要告知他找到了他们的狗，find找到。故选C。
54.A
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。根据下文狗听到枪声吓跑了可知，此处是指Jeff带着狗在打猎，hunt打猎。故选A。
55.D【解析】考查介词短语辨析。根据上文Ehlers找到的Jeff的狗可知，Jeff在狗丢失后没有找到他的狗，in vain徒劳。故选D。
56.A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：很高兴知道还有那么一个人，他足够关心你，会去做这样麻烦的事。根据上文可知，此处是指Ehlers对狗足够关心，care关心。故选A。
57.B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。根据上文Ehlers开车把那只小狗Rosie送到100英里远的机场，把它航空托运到密歇根可知，这是件很麻烦的事情，trouble麻烦。故选B。
58.C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。根据上文可知，此处是指Lisa在评论Ehlers帮助他们找回狗付出的努力，effort努力。故选C。
59.D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我想无论是谁丢了狗，可能就像我接近我的狗一样去接近它。根据下文Ehlers说的话可知，此处是指他对待那只狗就像对自己的狗一样，close to靠近。故选D。
60.D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我希望有人愿意付出